Fire-chamber ventilator



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

P. ABRAHAMSON. FIRE CHAMBER VENTILATOB.

No. 458,330. Patented Aug. 25 1891.

c a T T1 (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

P. ABRAHAMSON.

FIRE CHAMBER VENTILATOR.

No. 468,530. Patented Aug. 25,1891

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER ABRAHAMSON, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

.FlRE-CHAMBER VENTILATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent 1\l'o. 458,330, datedAugust 25, 1891.

Application filed April 4, 1890. Renewed uly 14, 1891- Serial No.399,458. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, PETER ABRAHAMSON, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and county of San Francisco, State of California,have invented an Improvement in Fire-Chamber Ventilators; and I herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of thesame.

My invention relates to the general class of fire-chambers, andespecially to the means for ventilating them.

It consists in the novel arrangement of passages hereinafter fullydescribed, and specifically pointed out in the claims.

The objects of myinvention are to provide means for supplying thefire-chamber with fresh air and to draw ofi from it the foul gases whichaccumulate within it.

Referring to the accompanying drawings for a more complete explanationof my invention, Figure 1 is a perspective view of the front of afurnace, showing the front ventilators. Fig. 2 is a section to show theventilator-casing Y. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the furnace,showing the passages at front and the passage G in thecombustion-chamber. Fig. 4 is a detail section to show the entrance ofpassage a into the furnace-chamber. Fig. 5 is a cross-section of therear of the furnace, showing the ventilators of the combustion-chamber.Fig. 6 is an'outer elevation of same.

Though my invention is applicable to any furnace or fire-chamber, I haveherein illustrated it in connection with the furnace or fire-chamber ofan ordinary boiler.

A is the shell or brick-work of the furnace, inclosing the fire-chamberB.

G is the boiler portion.

D is the fire-box door, and d is the ash-pit doora X is the stack, anda: is the front tubesheet.

To the front wall of the furnace, opposite to the tube-sheet, I secure ahollow casing or hood Y. In the lower portion of this I place aperforated plate Z, which divides the easing into an upper and a lowerspace.

Through the furnace-wall I make an opening W, which communicates withthe upper space of the casing, and in the sides of the casing, at thelower portion, I make dampercontrolled openings 10, which communicatewith the space in the casing below the perforated plate. Now in caseswhere there is a door-such as Tplaced in the wall opposite thetube-sheet to permit the cleaning of the tubes I may secure the hollowcasing to this door, as I have here shown, and make the opening Wthroughsaid door. The object of this construction is to provide for a properventilation of that portion of the furnace.

The object of the hood or casing Y is to supply air to the smoke-box, inorder to assist in the perfect combustion of the unconsumed portion ofthe products of imperfect com-bustion, and thus to relieve the passageof such heavy and foul gases as would tend to settle down and clog thedraft; and the construction of this hood is such that even should theseheavy and foul gases settle in part they will not be in the draftway,but will settle down through the perforated diaphragm Z into the spacebelow it, and when the dampers of the openings w are first opened theywill pufi out, and thus free the smoke-box, and the fresh air will thenpass in. The dampers need not remain open long, as the influx of airwill be sufficiently rapid to effect the purpose for that time and untilit may be necessary to operate them again. i I

In the rear portion of the furnace, in what may be called thecombustion-chamber, is located the horizontal perforated diaphragm orplate E, which forms a chamber 6 below it, the bottom of which may bedropped down below the level of the outside foundation. This chambercommunicates with the exterior air by a passage e'-one on eachside-which passes under the sides of the furnace. This passage iscontrolled by a sliding damper or gate 6 which is fitted in a suitablecasting or frame F and is adapted to be raised and lowered by anysuitable means. The casting or frame F is formed with adownwardly-extending portion f, which forms a portion of thefurnace-wall and defines the width of the passage e'. In this portionthe damper or gate 6 is seated and works up and down to open or cut offsaid passage. The casting or frame F is also formed with anupwardly-extending portion forming a part of the furnace-wall, and onits inner side are formed the passages G, which open out at their innerand lower ends at g into the combustion-chamber just above theperforated diaphragm or plate E. There is one of these passages neareach end of the casting. They extend upwardly and then horizontallytoward each other and j oining open out at g to the outer air, saidopening being controlled bya damper 9 There is one of these castings orframes let into the furnace-walls on each side near their rear ends. Ido not confine myself to forming these passages in castings, as they maybe made in the furnace-walls themselves. Th cir use is as fol lows:

In the furnace, and especially at its rear portion, there accumulatefoul gases and the less volatile products of combustion, which do notpass off through the regular channels. Now by having the perforateddiaphragm or plate E these foul gases sink down through it and occupythe chamber e below it, leaving the combustion-chamber abovecomparatively free; but to insure this and to let them escape whennecessary I open the dampers or gates e on each side, whereby they passout through the passages 6. Then to purify and thoroughly ventilate thecombustion-chamber and to positively drive out the foul gases I open thedampers g whereby the fresh air enters through the passages G, therebycreating a circulation, which will carry the foul gases out through thelower passages e. Nor will this entrance of fresh air be injurious, asin its entrance through passages G it becomes sufiiciently heated to notonly avoid retard ing combustion, but even to assist it, which willeffect an economy of fuel, a. result gained the more perfectly by thepurifying of the combustion-chamber due to the expulsion of the foulgases, as heretofore described.

In the front portion of the furnace, either directly in the front wallor, if desired, in the side walls near the front, are made the passagesa, of any suitable construction, simple passages through the brick-workor castings on its inner surface or let into the wall, or tubes, orpipes, as may be found desirable. These, when in the front wall, arelocated one on each side of the door I). They each open out to theoutside at their lower ends, (about at the bottom of the door,) andthese openings are controlled by suitable dampers a. They thence extendupwardly alongside of the door, and thence toward the center longidinalplane of the furnace-wall above the door, and at their upper endscommunicate with the interior of the furnace or fire-chamher throughopenings (L The effect and use of these passages are as follows: Freshair passes through their damper-controlled openings at their lower ends.In its passage through them the air becomes heated and is deliveredthrough their inner openings directly into the fire-chamber and upon themass of fuel therein. Thus a proper feed of fresh air to the furnace iseffected and results in more perfect combustion and consequent economyin the consumption of fuel. It will be seen that by the peculiarlocation and direction of these several passages their dampers may. beopened without allowing cold air to rush in, which differs from theeffect of opening doors in either end of the furnace or chamber.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a furnace or firechamber, the hollow casing in its front wallopposite the front tube-sheet, the perforated plate in said casing, anopening in the furnace-wall above the plate and connecting the hollowcasing with the interior of the furnace, and dampercontrolled openingsin the sides of the casing connecting the space below the plate with theouter air,substantially as herein described.

2. In a furnace or fire-chamber, the combination of the door in itsfront wall opposite the front tube-sheet, the hollow casing secured tothe door, the perforated plate in the casing, the opening in the doorabove the plate, and the damper-controlled openings in the casing sidesbelow the plate, substantially as herein described.

3. In a furnace or fire-chamber, the side passages G at the rear portionof its sides, said passages each having a single dampercontrolledopening communicating with the outer air and each thence branchinghorizontally forward and back and downward, and each branch opening intothe combustionchamber, substantially as herein described.

at. In a furnace or fire-chamber, the combination of the lower passagesc in the rear portion of the furnace sides, communicating with thecombustion-chamber and with the outer air and having dampers controllingthe last-n amed communication, and the upper passages G in the furnacesides leading from the outer air into the combustion-chamber and havingdampers controlling the communication with the outer air,substantiallyas herein described.

5. The ventilating-frame to be let into the furnace-walls, having alower portion in which is seated the controlling gate or damper and anupper portion having on its innersurface the passage G, with open lowerends, said passages meeting in the top center of the upper portion andopening through it and controlled by a damper, substantially as hereindescribed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

PETER ABRAHAMSON.

IVitnesses:

S. H. NoUnsE, H. 0. 'LEE.

ICC

